The TN visa was originally created under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to make it easier for qualified professionals from Canada and Mexico to work temporarily in the United States. Today, under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), eligible citizens can still apply for TN status and work in approved professional occupations in the U.S.
Although NAFTA was replaced by USMCA, the TN visa process, eligibility criteria, and benefits remain the same. This guide from Green Card Link explains how to apply for TN visa status, maintain your eligibility, and understand the full list of qualifying occupations.
To ensure your application is complete and properly filed, schedule a consultation with the immigration attorneys at Green Card Link. Our experienced legal team assists clients through every step — from the initial application to extensions, renewals, and status changes.
What Is a TN Visa?
The TN (Trade NAFTA) visa was established to strengthen trade and professional collaboration between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. It enables citizens of these countries to work in designated professional roles on a temporary basis, promoting cross-border economic cooperation.
This visa offers multiple benefits, making it an attractive choice for many professionals.
Key Benefits of the TN Visa
- Streamlined Application Process: Faster and simpler compared to many other employment visa types.
- Wide Range of Eligible Occupations: Covers more than 60 professional fields, including engineers, accountants, scientists, pharmacists, and architects.
- Non-Immigrant Flexibility: TN visa holders can maintain residence in their home country while working in the U.S.
- Family Benefits: Spouses and unmarried children under 21 may accompany the TN visa holder to the U.S.
- Unlimited Annual Availability: There is no annual cap, allowing qualified applicants to apply year-round.
Recommended Read: [TN Visa to Green Card Process]
Types of TN Status
There are two categories of TN status depending on nationality:
- TN-1: For Canadian professionals
- TN-2: For Mexican professionals
Applicants must qualify under one of the approved USMCA/NAFTA professions, which are limited to nonimmigrant classifications. Note that permanent residents of either country are not eligible for TN status.
TN Visa Eligibility Requirements
To qualify for a TN visa, the applicant must meet all the following criteria:
- Must be a citizen of Canada or Mexico (permanent residents are ineligible)
- Must qualify under an approved USMCA professional occupation
- Must demonstrate that the U.S. position requires a USMCA professional
- Must have a prearranged job (part-time or full-time) with a U.S. employer — self-employment does not qualify
- Must hold the necessary credentials or licenses to practice the profession
TN-1 Visa Requirements for Canadian Citizens
Canadian citizens do not need to obtain a TN visa at a consulate before entering the U.S. Instead, they may apply directly at a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) port of entry or pre-clearance/pre-flight inspection station. Applicants must present:
- Proof of Canadian citizenship
- A letter from the U.S. employer describing the position, purpose of employment, expected duration, and qualifications
- Academic or credential evaluations, if applicable, along with required fees
Alternatively, a U.S. employer may file Form I-129 (Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker) with USCIS on behalf of the Canadian professional. Once approved, the applicant presents the I-129 approval notice and supporting documents to CBP for entry.
TN Dependents for Canadian Citizens
Canadian spouses and children of TN holders do not need a visa but must show:
- Proof of Canadian citizenship
- Proof of family relationship (e.g., marriage or birth certificate)
- Copies of the TN worker’s admission documents
- Evidence that the TN worker is maintaining valid TN status
For Mexican dependents, a TD visa is required through a U.S. embassy or consulate.
TN-2 Visa Requirements for Mexican Citizens
Mexican citizens must apply for a TN-2 visa through a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The process includes:
- Submitting the Form DS-160 (Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application) and supporting documentation.
- Attending a visa interview at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
- Upon approval, entering the U.S. at a CBP-designated port of entry or pre-clearance location.
The immigration attorneys at Green Card Link can help you prepare all necessary paperwork, schedule your interview, and ensure you meet every requirement.
How to Apply for a TN Visa
The process varies slightly depending on your citizenship:
For Canadian Citizens:
- Option 1: Apply directly at a CBP port of entry or pre-clearance station.
- Option 2: Have your employer submit Form I-129 to USCIS. Once approved, enter the U.S. with your approval notice and supporting documentation.
For Mexican Citizens:
- Submit your Form DS-160 and required documents to a U.S. embassy or consulate.
- Attend your interview and obtain visa approval.
- Upon approval, enter through a designated CBP port or pre-clearance station.
TN Visa Professions List
Eligibility depends on whether your profession appears on the official USMCA/NAFTA Occupation List. There are 63 qualifying occupations, including roles in engineering, medicine, science, teaching, and management.
Some examples include:
- Engineer – Bachelor’s degree or professional license
- Computer Systems Analyst – Bachelor’s degree or equivalent experience
- Accountant – Bachelor’s degree or recognized professional certification (CPA, CMA, etc.)
- Dentist, Pharmacist, or Physiotherapist – Professional degree or state/provincial license
- University Professor – Bachelor’s or higher degree
(Full list available below for reference.)
TN Visa Costs
TN visa fees depend on your nationality and where you apply:
For Mexican Citizens Applying Outside the U.S.:
- DS-160 application fee: $185
- Optional visa validity fees:
- $79 for a 12-month visa
- $357 for a 48-month visa
For Canadian Citizens:
Application fees are generally paid at the port of entry when processing your application.
TN Visa Application Fees and Process for Canadian and Mexican Citizens
Canadian Citizens Applying from Outside the U.S.
If you’re a Canadian citizen applying for TN visa status at a U.S. border or port of entry, you’ll need to pay a total of $56.
This amount includes:
- $50 application fee, and
- $6 I-94 arrival/departure card fee.
Applicants Already Inside the United States
If you are already in the U.S. and want to change your status to TN without leaving the country, your U.S. employer must file Form I-129 (Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker) on your behalf.
The filing fees are:
- $1,015 plus additional processing fees for standard employers
- $510 plus additional processing fees for small employers or nonprofit organizations
Your employer is responsible for paying the I-129 filing fee.
Additional Fees
- Asylum Program Fee: $600
- Small Employers: $300
- Nonprofits: $0
You can also choose Premium Processing for an additional $2,805, which guarantees 15-day adjudication. Keep in mind that premium processing accelerates review time but does not guarantee approval.
If you need help transitioning from a TN visa to permanent residency, the immigration attorneys at Green Card Link can guide you through each step, ensuring a smooth and successful process.
TN Visa Processing Time
When applying at a port of entry, processing typically takes just a few hours. However, if you file by mail, the timeline varies based on the workload at your assigned USCIS service center. For example, the Vermont Service Center is currently taking around 4.5 months to process Form I-129 petitions for TN visas.
You can check the most up-to-date timelines on the USCIS Processing Time webpage or use their online case status tracker.
If you opt for premium processing, USCIS will complete adjudication within 15 business days. If they fail to meet this timeframe, you’ll receive a refund of the premium fee, and your petition will continue under regular processing.
Common TN Visa Mistakes to Avoid
1. Focusing Only on the TN Visa
While the TN visa is a great option for many Canadian and Mexican professionals, it’s not the only route. Be open to exploring other U.S. immigration pathways that may better align with your long-term career and residency goals.
2. Applying Too Late
Immigration processing can take several months. If you have a job offer in the U.S., begin the visa process as early as possible. Working with experienced immigration attorneys at Green Card Link ensures your application is filed promptly and correctly, minimizing delays.
3. Misunderstanding Intent to Stay
The TN visa is a nonimmigrant visa, meaning you must demonstrate that you do not intend to remain permanently in the U.S. You’ll need to show strong ties to your home country, such as property, employment, or family, to establish temporary intent.
Green Card Link’s Experience with TN Visa Cases
The immigration attorneys at Green Card Link have successfully handled numerous TN-1 and TN-2 visa cases for Canadian and Mexican professionals. Their approach goes beyond simple filings—they work closely with clients to determine the best immigration strategy, which may include exploring alternative visa categories when more suitable.
By combining legal expertise with personalized attention, the team ensures every client receives the most effective and practical immigration solution to achieve their U.S. career goals.
Frequently Asked Questions About the TN Visa
Is there a limit on the number of TN visas issued each year?
No. There is no annual quota for TN visas, meaning employers can file at any time during the year.
Is the TN visa a good alternative to the H-1B visa?
Yes, especially for Canadian and Mexican citizens who have a U.S. employer sponsor and weren’t selected in the H-1B lottery. Discuss the pros and cons with an immigration attorney at Green Card Link to determine the best option for your situation.
Can I be self-employed under the TN visa?
No. TN visa holders must work for a U.S. employer and cannot be self-employed or act as independent contractors.
Can permanent residents of Canada or Mexico apply for the TN visa?
No. Only citizens of Canada or Mexico are eligible. Contact Green Card Link for alternative visa options.
How long can Canadian citizens stay in the U.S. as visitors?
Up to six months per year, counted from the date of entry. Longer stays or different purposes may require a work or student visa.
Do Mexican citizens need a visa to enter the U.S.?
Yes. Mexican citizens must obtain a tourist visa and may stay up to six months, with possible extensions if properly filed before expiration.
What happens if my TN visa is denied?
A denial is different from a rejection, and your next steps depend on the specific reason. Common causes include incorrect NAFTA occupation, insufficient qualifications, or previous immigration violations. Speak with an immigration attorney at Green Card Link to evaluate your options.
Can I appeal a TN visa denial?
No. TN visa denials cannot be appealed to the Administrative Appeals Office.
Can TN visa holders study in the U.S.?
Yes, part-time or recreational studies are allowed. For full-time academic programs, an F-1 student visa is required.
Can TN visa holders work part-time or as contractors?
Generally, no. TN visa holders must work full-time for their sponsoring employer.
Can TN visa holders work part-time or as contractors?
Can TN visa holders apply for a green card?
While the TN visa does not directly lead to a green card, you can transition to permanent residency through other employment-based categories.
Do I need a job offer before applying for a TN visa?
Yes. A valid U.S. job offer in an approved profession and a supporting employment letter are mandatory for TN visa eligibility.
How Green Card Link Can Help
Whether you’re applying for a TN visa, renewing one, or exploring pathways to a green card, your immigration process deserves expert attention. The immigration attorneys at Green Card Link have extensive experience assisting Canadian and Mexican professionals in obtaining TN visas and transitioning to permanent residency.
By entrusting your case to Green Card Link, you’ll have a dedicated team handling all forms, documentation, and communications with USCIS—allowing you to focus on your career in the U.S. with peace of mind.
Contact Green Card Link today to schedule your consultation and take the next step toward your U.S. immigration goals.